Set on a mesa with ocean breezes, San Diego Mesa College has a reputation for practical, transfer-focused learning. Students find solid general education paired with hands-on work in labs and studios. The library and learning commons, tutoring, counseling, and focused transfer and career support make planning the next step feel manageable.
And the vibe is welcoming, diverse, and very San Diego, equal parts collaborative and beach casual. Clubs, service projects, and athletics keep things lively, with teams known as the Olympians. Career prep taps regional strengths in healthcare, biotech, creative media, business, and public service, opening doors to internships and projects. Off campus, beaches, canyons, and a vibrant food scene offer quick breaks. It's a grounded place to build momentum, then keep going.
Key Institutional Details
Contact & Profile
Location:
7250 Mesa College Dr, San Diego, California, 92111, USA
Explore degree programs offered at San Diego Mesa College with detailed career prospects, starting salary ranges, and job opportunities in California. See what you can do with your degree and expected earnings after graduation.
How to use this guide:
Click on any academic field that interests you to expand and view available degree programs. Each program shows potential career paths, median salaries in California vs national averages, and job prospects for graduates. Perfect for answering "What can I do with my degree?" and salary expectations.
Business (20)
Most Graduates (17.7%)
Business Administration, Marketing and Entrepreneurship
52.0101
Business/Commerce, General.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the general study of business, including the processes of interchanging goods and services (buying, selling and producing), business organization, and accounting as used in profit-making and nonprofit public and private institutions and agencies. The programs may prepare individuals to apply business principles and techniques in various occupational settings.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-1011
Chief Executives
$262,930
$163,970
-$98,960 (-37.6%)
11-1021
General and Operations Managers
$133,120
$120,130
-$12,990 (-9.8%)
11-2022
Sales Managers
$160,930
$107,350
-$53,580 (-33.3%)
11-3012
Administrative Services Managers
$126,030
$99,420
-$26,610 (-21.1%)
11-3013
Facilities Managers
$114,520
$99,000
-$15,520 (-13.6%)
11-3051
Industrial Production Managers
$129,180
$123,920
-$5,260 (-4.1%)
11-3071
Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers
$116,010
$113,770
-$2,240 (-1.9%)
11-9021
Construction Managers
$119,660
$123,050
+$3,390 (+2.8%)
11-9072
Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling
$87,060
$95,420
+$8,360 (+9.6%)
11-9151
Social and Community Service Managers
$86,100
$84,080
-$2,020 (-2.3%)
11-9179
Personal Service Managers, All Other
$70,620
$76,380
+$5,760 (+8.2%)
11-9199
Managers, All Other
$149,890
$120,240
-$29,650 (-19.8%)
13-1051
Cost Estimators
$83,160
$87,950
+$4,790 (+5.8%)
13-1082
Project Management Specialists
$108,100
$95,860
-$12,240 (-11.3%)
13-1111
Management Analysts
$114,710
$87,720
-$26,990 (-23.5%)
13-2022
Appraisers of Personal and Business Property
N/A
N/A
N/A
25-1011
Business Teachers, Postsecondary
$113,840
$124,710
+$10,870 (+9.5%)
52.0201
Business Administration and Management, General.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y)
A program that generally prepares individuals to plan, organize, direct, and control the functions and processes of a firm or organization. Includes instruction in management theory, human resources management and behavior, accounting and other quantitative methods, purchasing and logistics, organization and production, marketing, and business decision-making.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-1011
Chief Executives
$262,930
$163,970
-$98,960 (-37.6%)
11-1021
General and Operations Managers
$133,120
$120,130
-$12,990 (-9.8%)
11-2022
Sales Managers
$160,930
$107,350
-$53,580 (-33.3%)
11-3012
Administrative Services Managers
$126,030
$99,420
-$26,610 (-21.1%)
11-3013
Facilities Managers
$114,520
$99,000
-$15,520 (-13.6%)
11-3051
Industrial Production Managers
$129,180
$123,920
-$5,260 (-4.1%)
11-3071
Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers
$116,010
$113,770
-$2,240 (-1.9%)
11-3111
Compensation and Benefits Managers
$156,230
$241,990
+$85,760 (+54.9%)
11-3121
Human Resources Managers
$160,480
$131,800
-$28,680 (-17.9%)
11-3131
Training and Development Managers
$140,590
$152,670
+$12,080 (+8.6%)
11-9021
Construction Managers
$119,660
$123,050
+$3,390 (+2.8%)
11-9072
Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling
$87,060
$95,420
+$8,360 (+9.6%)
11-9151
Social and Community Service Managers
$86,100
$84,080
-$2,020 (-2.3%)
11-9179
Personal Service Managers, All Other
$70,620
$76,380
+$5,760 (+8.2%)
11-9199
Managers, All Other
$149,890
$120,240
-$29,650 (-19.8%)
13-1051
Cost Estimators
$83,160
$87,950
+$4,790 (+5.8%)
13-1071
Human Resources Specialists
$79,730
$77,800
-$1,930 (-2.4%)
13-1081
Logisticians
$87,600
$82,860
-$4,740 (-5.4%)
13-1082
Project Management Specialists
$108,100
$95,860
-$12,240 (-11.3%)
13-1111
Management Analysts
$114,710
$87,720
-$26,990 (-23.5%)
13-1141
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists
$82,920
$86,950
+$4,030 (+4.9%)
13-1199
Business Operations Specialists, All Other
$92,380
$81,760
-$10,620 (-11.5%)
25-1011
Business Teachers, Postsecondary
$113,840
$124,710
+$10,870 (+9.5%)
52.0204
Office Management and Supervision.
(Cert<2y)
A program that prepares individuals to supervise and manage the operations and personnel of business offices and management-level divisions. Includes instruction in employee supervision, management, and labor relations; budgeting; scheduling and coordination; office systems operation and maintenance; office records management, organization, and security; office facilities design and space management; preparation and evaluation of business management data; and public relations.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-3012
Administrative Services Managers
$126,030
$99,420
-$26,610 (-21.1%)
43-1011
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers
$71,560
$67,980
-$3,580 (-5%)
52.0212
Retail Management.
(AltPostMSc)
A program that prepares individuals to manage the operations of a wide variety of retail businesses, including department stores; independent and chain stores; fashion, food and beverage, and pharmaceutical establishments; and online retail businesses. Includes instruction in retail management, merchandise management, customer service management, marketing, organizational behavior, accounting, finance, business law, and personnel management.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-1021
General and Operations Managers
$133,120
$120,130
-$12,990 (-9.8%)
11-9179
Personal Service Managers, All Other
$70,620
$76,380
+$5,760 (+8.2%)
25-1011
Business Teachers, Postsecondary
$113,840
$124,710
+$10,870 (+9.5%)
41-1011
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers
$52,350
$53,540
+$1,190 (+2.3%)
52.0302
Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that prepares individuals to provide technical administrative support to professional accountants and other financial management personnel. Includes instruction in posting transactions to accounts, record-keeping systems, accounting software operation, and general accounting principles and practices.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
13-2082
Tax Preparers
$58,860
$56,660
-$2,200 (-3.7%)
43-3031
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
$52,020
$54,440
+$2,420 (+4.7%)
43-3051
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks
$56,870
$63,430
+$6,560 (+11.5%)
43-4011
Brokerage Clerks
$67,680
$74,110
+$6,430 (+9.5%)
43-9111
Statistical Assistants
$55,470
$85,880
+$30,410 (+54.8%)
52.0401
Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, General.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that generally prepares individuals to perform the duties of administrative assistants and/or secretaries and stenographers. Includes instruction in business communications, principles of business law, word processing and data entry, office machines operation and maintenance, office procedures, public relations, secretarial accounting, filing systems and records management, and report preparation.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
43-1011
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers
$71,560
$67,980
-$3,580 (-5%)
43-4161
Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping
$50,950
$50,620
-$330 (-0.6%)
43-6011
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants
$77,060
$78,180
+$1,120 (+1.5%)
43-6014
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive
$47,640
$53,120
+$5,480 (+11.5%)
52.0703
Small Business Administration/Management.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that prepares individuals to develop and manage independent small businesses. Includes instruction in business administration; enterprise planning and entrepreneurship; start-up; small business operations and problems; personnel supervision; capitalization and investment; taxation; business law and regulations; e-commerce; home business operations; and applications to specific sectors, products, and services.
A program that prepares individuals to serve as general managers and directors of hospitality operations on a system-wide basis, including both travel arrangements and promotion and the provision of traveler facilities. Includes instruction in principles of operations in the travel and tourism, hotel and lodging facilities, food services, and recreation facilities industries; hospitality marketing strategies; hospitality planning; management and coordination of franchise and unit operations; business management; accounting and financial management; hospitality transportation and logistics; and hospitality industry policies and regulations.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9051
Food Service Managers
$72,370
$81,700
+$9,330 (+12.9%)
11-9072
Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling
A program that prepares individuals to manage operations and facilities that provide lodging services to the traveling public. Includes instruction in hospitality industry principles; supplies purchasing, storage and control; hotel facilities design and planning; hospitality industry law; personnel management and labor relations; financial management; marketing and sales promotion; convention and event management; front desk operations; and applications to specific types of hotels and motel operations.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-3013
Facilities Managers
$114,520
$99,000
-$15,520 (-13.6%)
11-9051
Food Service Managers
$72,370
$81,700
+$9,330 (+12.9%)
11-9081
Lodging Managers
$77,460
$78,470
+$1,010 (+1.3%)
13-1199
Business Operations Specialists, All Other
$92,380
$81,760
-$10,620 (-11.5%)
52.1501
Real Estate.
(Cert<2y)
A program that prepares individuals to develop, buy, sell, appraise, and manage real estate. Includes instruction in land use development policy, real estate law, real estate marketing procedures, agency management, brokerage, property inspection and appraisal, real estate investing, leased and rental properties, commercial real estate, and property management.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9141
Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
$82,720
$68,280
-$14,440 (-17.5%)
13-2022
Appraisers of Personal and Business Property
N/A
N/A
N/A
13-2023
Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate
N/A
N/A
N/A
41-9021
Real Estate Brokers
$91,660
$125,060
+$33,400 (+36.4%)
41-9022
Real Estate Sales Agents
$70,970
$76,740
+$5,770 (+8.1%)
52.1801
Sales, Distribution, and Marketing Operations, General.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that focuses on the general process and techniques of direct wholesale and retail buying and selling operations and introduces individuals to related careers. Includes instruction in the principles of entrepreneurial economics, basic sales skills, the distribution channels for goods and services, and supervised practical application experiences.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
13-1022
Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products
N/A
N/A
N/A
13-1023
Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products
N/A
N/A
N/A
25-1011
Business Teachers, Postsecondary
$113,840
$124,710
+$10,870 (+9.5%)
41-4012
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products
$81,470
$78,740
-$2,730 (-3.4%)
52.1905
Tourism and Travel Services Marketing Operations.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y)
A program that prepares individuals to provide direct retail services to hotel and motel clients and customers in a variety of settings. Includes instruction in the principles of hotel/motel operations, customer sales and assistance operations and techniques, telephone operations, and basic office management.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
13-1161
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists
$86,480
$74,030
-$12,450 (-14.4%)
41-3041
Travel Agents
$52,690
$55,260
+$2,570 (+4.9%)
Liberal Arts (4)
Most Graduates (15.6%)
Liberal Arts Education, General Studies and Humanities
24.0101
Liberal Arts and Sciences/Liberal Studies.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that is a structured combination of the arts, biological and physical sciences, social sciences, and humanities, emphasizing breadth of study. Includes instruction in independently designed, individualized, or regular programs.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1199
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other
$94,470
$143,290
+$48,820 (+51.7%)
24.0103
Humanities/Humanistic Studies.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on combined studies and research in the humanities subjects as distinguished from the social and physical sciences, emphasizing languages, literatures, art, music, philosophy and religion.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1199
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other
$94,470
$143,290
+$48,820 (+51.7%)
Health (17)
Most Graduates (11%)
Healthcare Professions, Medical Sciences and Clinical Practice
A program that prepares individuals to provide patient care, take dental radiographs (x-ray photographs), prepare patients and equipment for dental procedures, and discharge office administrative functions under the supervision of dentists and dental hygienists. Includes instruction in medical record-keeping, general office duties, reception and patient intake, scheduling, equipment maintenance and sterilization, basic radiography, pre- and post-operative patient care and instruction, chairside assisting, taking tooth and mouth impressions, and supervised practice.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1071
Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary
$137,900
$153,860
+$15,960 (+11.6%)
31-9091
Dental Assistants
$48,860
$60,440
+$11,580 (+23.7%)
51.0699
Dental Services and Allied Professions, Other.
(AltPostMSc)
Any instructional program in dental services and allied professions not listed above.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
99-9999
NO MATCH
N/A
N/A
N/A
51.0706
Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator.
(Cert<2y, Cert2y+)
A program that prepares individuals to plan, design, and manage systems, processes, and facilities used to collect, store, secure, retrieve, analyze, and transmit medical records and other health information used by clinical professionals and health care organizations. Includes instruction in the principles and basic content of the biomedical and clinical sciences, information technology and applications, data and database management, clinical research methodologies, health information resources and systems, office management, legal requirements, and professional standards.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9111
Medical and Health Services Managers
$137,730
$145,840
+$8,110 (+5.9%)
29-2072
Medical Records Specialists
$55,970
$56,580
+$610 (+1.1%)
29-9021
Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars
$73,410
$95,320
+$21,910 (+29.8%)
51.0707
Health Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician.
(Cert<2y, Cert2y+)
A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of health information administrators and other professionals, to construct medical records and clinical databases, perform manipulations on retrieved data, control the security and quality of records, and supervise data entry and technical maintenance personnel. Includes instruction in clinical and biomedical science data and information requirements, database management, data coding and validation, information security, quality control, health information content and structure, medical business procedures, and legal requirements.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
29-2072
Medical Records Specialists
$55,970
$56,580
+$610 (+1.1%)
29-9021
Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars
$73,410
$95,320
+$21,910 (+29.8%)
51.0713
Medical Insurance Coding Specialist/Coder.
(AltPostMSc)
A program that prepares individuals to perform specialized data entry, classification, and record-keeping procedures related to medical diagnostic, treatment, billing, and insurance documentation. Includes instruction in medical records and insurance software applications, basic anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, fundamentals of medical science and treatment procedures, data classification and coding, data entry skills, and regulations relating to Medicare and insurance documentation.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
29-2072
Medical Records Specialists
$55,970
$56,580
+$610 (+1.1%)
29-9021
Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars
A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of physicians, to provide medical office administrative services and perform clinical duties including patient intake and care, routine diagnostic and recording procedures, pre-examination and examination assistance, and the administration of medications and first aid. Includes instruction in basic anatomy and physiology; medical terminology; medical law and ethics; patient psychology and communications; medical office procedures; and clinical diagnostic, examination, testing, and treatment procedures.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1071
Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary
$137,900
$153,860
+$15,960 (+11.6%)
31-9092
Medical Assistants
$44,720
$48,170
+$3,450 (+7.7%)
51.0806
Physical Therapy Assistant.
(Cert<2y)
A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of a physical therapist, to implement physical therapy treatment care plans, train patients, conduct treatment interventions, use equipment, and observe and record patient progress. Includes instruction in applied anatomy and physiology, behavioral sciences, biomechanics, clinical documentation, clinical pathology, communication, exercise physiology, kinesiology, neuroscience, and professional standards and ethics.
A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of a physician, to study and record electrical activity in the brain and nervous system for purposes of patient monitoring and supporting diagnoses. Includes instruction in patient communication and care; taking and abstracting patient histories; application of recording electrodes; EEG, EP, and PSG equipment operation and procedural techniques; and data recording and documentation.
A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of physicians, to provide medical imaging services to patients and attending health care professionals. Includes instruction in applied anatomy and physiology, patient positioning, radiographic technique, radiation biology, safety and emergency procedures, equipment operation and maintenance, quality assurance, patient education, and medical imaging/radiologic services management.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1071
Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary
$137,900
$153,860
+$15,960 (+11.6%)
29-2034
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
$79,760
$113,500
+$33,740 (+42.3%)
51.9999
Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, Other.
(AltPostMSc)
Any instructional program in the health professions and related clinical sciences not listed above.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
99-9999
NO MATCH
N/A
N/A
N/A
Psychology (1)
Psychological Sciences, Mental Health and Behavioral Studies
42.0101
Psychology, General.
(Cert<2y)
A general program that focuses on the scientific study of individual and collective behavior, the physical and environmental bases of behavior, and the analysis and treatment of behavior problems and disorders. Includes instruction in the principles of the various subfields of psychology, research methods, and psychological assessment and testing methods.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9199
Managers, All Other
$149,890
$120,240
-$29,650 (-19.8%)
19-3032
Industrial-Organizational Psychologists
$134,400
$137,540
+$3,140 (+2.3%)
19-3033
Clinical and Counseling Psychologists
$106,850
$116,710
+$9,860 (+9.2%)
19-3039
Psychologists, All Other
$111,340
$139,090
+$27,750 (+24.9%)
19-4061
Social Science Research Assistants
$63,560
$57,450
-$6,110 (-9.6%)
25-1066
Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary
$93,530
$140,370
+$46,840 (+50.1%)
Biological Sciences (1)
Life Sciences, Biotechnology and Biomedical Research
A general program of biology at the introductory, basic level or a program in biology or the biological sciences that is undifferentiated as to title or content. Includes instruction in general biology and programs covering a variety of biological specializations.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9121
Natural Sciences Managers
$173,500
$115,520
-$57,980 (-33.4%)
19-1029
Biological Scientists, All Other
$100,440
$78,200
-$22,240 (-22.1%)
19-1099
Life Scientists, All Other
$101,940
$162,990
+$61,050 (+59.9%)
19-4012
Agricultural Technicians
$49,680
$55,000
+$5,320 (+10.7%)
19-4013
Food Science Technicians
$54,400
$52,880
-$1,520 (-2.8%)
19-4021
Biological Technicians
$58,020
$45,440
-$12,580 (-21.7%)
19-4092
Forensic Science Technicians
$75,260
$75,750
+$490 (+0.7%)
25-1042
Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary
$101,340
$115,670
+$14,330 (+14.1%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
Interdisciplinary (1)
Cross-Disciplinary Studies and Integrated Research Programs
30.0101
Biological and Physical Sciences.
(Cert<2y)
A program that is either a general synthesis of one or more of the biological and physical sciences, or a specialization which draws from the biological and physical sciences.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9121
Natural Sciences Managers
$173,500
$115,520
-$57,980 (-33.4%)
25-1199
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other
$94,470
$143,290
+$48,820 (+51.7%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
Social Sciences (8)
Sociology, Anthropology and Political Science Studies
45.0101
Social Sciences, General.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the general study of human social behavior and social institutions using any of the methodologies common to the social sciences and/or history, or an undifferentiated program of study in the social sciences.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9199
Managers, All Other
$149,890
$120,240
-$29,650 (-19.8%)
19-3099
Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other
$106,440
$89,110
-$17,330 (-16.3%)
19-4061
Social Science Research Assistants
$63,560
$57,450
-$6,110 (-9.6%)
25-1069
Social Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary, All Other
$92,950
$141,850
+$48,900 (+52.6%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
45.0201
Anthropology, General.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the systematic study of human beings, their antecedents and related primates, and their cultural behavior and institutions, in comparative perspective. Includes instruction in biological/physical anthropology, primatology, human paleontology and prehistoric archeology, hominid evolution, anthropological linguistics, ethnography, ethnology, ethnohistory, socio-cultural anthropology, psychological anthropology, research methods, and applications to areas such as medicine, forensic pathology, museum studies, and international affairs.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9199
Managers, All Other
$149,890
$120,240
-$29,650 (-19.8%)
19-3091
Anthropologists and Archeologists
$71,070
$77,620
+$6,550 (+9.2%)
25-1061
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary
$102,530
$135,630
+$33,100 (+32.3%)
45.0601
Economics, General.
(Cert<2y)
A general program that focuses on the systematic study of the production, conservation and allocation of resources in conditions of scarcity, together with the organizational frameworks related to these processes. Includes instruction in economic theory, micro- and macroeconomics, comparative economic systems, money and banking systems, international economics, quantitative analytical methods, and applications to specific industries and public policy issues.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9199
Managers, All Other
$149,890
$120,240
-$29,650 (-19.8%)
19-3011
Economists
$130,910
$148,970
+$18,060 (+13.8%)
19-3022
Survey Researchers
$73,470
$115,630
+$42,160 (+57.4%)
19-4061
Social Science Research Assistants
$63,560
$57,450
-$6,110 (-9.6%)
25-1063
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary
$133,140
$168,300
+$35,160 (+26.4%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
45.0701
Geography.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the systematic study of the spatial distribution and interrelationships of people, natural resources, plant and animal life. Includes instruction in historical and political geography, cultural geography, economic and physical geography, regional science, cartographic methods, remote sensing, spatial analysis, and applications to areas such as land-use planning, development studies, and analyses of specific countries, regions, and resources.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9199
Managers, All Other
$149,890
$120,240
-$29,650 (-19.8%)
17-3031
Surveying and Mapping Technicians
$56,890
$57,840
+$950 (+1.7%)
19-3092
Geographers
$98,160
N/A
N/A
25-1064
Geography Teachers, Postsecondary
$99,020
$163,790
+$64,770 (+65.4%)
45.0702
Geographic Information Science and Cartography.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that focuses on the systematic study of map-making and the application of mathematical, computer, and other techniques to the analysis of large amounts of geographic data and the science of mapping geographic information. Includes instruction in cartographic theory and map projections, computer-assisted cartography, geographic information systems, map design and layout, photogrammetry, air photo interpretation, remote sensing, spatial analysis, geodesy, cartographic editing, and applications to specific industrial, commercial, research, and governmental mapping problems.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9199
Managers, All Other
$149,890
$120,240
-$29,650 (-19.8%)
17-1021
Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
$82,860
$137,430
+$54,570 (+65.9%)
17-3031
Surveying and Mapping Technicians
$56,890
$57,840
+$950 (+1.7%)
19-3092
Geographers
$98,160
N/A
N/A
25-1064
Geography Teachers, Postsecondary
$99,020
$163,790
+$64,770 (+65.4%)
45.1001
Political Science and Government, General.
(Cert<2y)
A general program that focuses on the systematic study of political institutions and behavior. Includes instruction in political philosophy, political theory, comparative government and politics, political parties and interest groups, public opinion, political research methods, studies of the government and politics of specific countries, and studies of specific political institutions and processes.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9199
Managers, All Other
$149,890
$120,240
-$29,650 (-19.8%)
19-3094
Political Scientists
$137,600
$132,240
-$5,360 (-3.9%)
19-4061
Social Science Research Assistants
$63,560
$57,450
-$6,110 (-9.6%)
25-1065
Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary
$105,160
$139,760
+$34,600 (+32.9%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
45.1101
Sociology, General.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the systematic study of human social institutions and social relationships. Includes instruction in social theory, sociological research methods, social organization and structure, social stratification and hierarchies, dynamics of social change, family structures, social deviance and control, and applications to the study of specific social groups, social institutions, and social problems.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9199
Managers, All Other
$149,890
$120,240
-$29,650 (-19.8%)
19-3041
Sociologists
$111,670
$123,300
+$11,630 (+10.4%)
19-4061
Social Science Research Assistants
$63,560
$57,450
-$6,110 (-9.6%)
25-1067
Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary
$97,270
$133,240
+$35,970 (+37%)
Arts (17)
Fine Arts, Design Studies and Creative Performance
50.0101
Visual and Performing Arts, General.
(Cert<2y)
A general, undifferentiated program that focuses on the visual and performing arts and that may prepare individuals in any of the visual artistic media or performing disciplines.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1121
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary
$102,240
$133,540
+$31,300 (+30.6%)
27-1012
Craft Artists
$45,340
$91,590
+$46,250 (+102%)
27-1013
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators
$76,450
$115,750
+$39,300 (+51.4%)
27-1019
Artists and Related Workers, All Other
$79,490
$100,010
+$20,520 (+25.8%)
27-4021
Photographers
$55,650
$60,330
+$4,680 (+8.4%)
50.0301
Dance, General.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A general program that prepares individuals to express ideas, feelings, and/or inner visions through the performance of one or more of the dance disciplines, including but not limited to ballet, modern, jazz, ethnic, and folk dance, and that focuses on the study and analysis of dance as a cultural phenomenon. Includes instruction in technique, choreography, Laban notation, dance history and criticism, and dance production.
A program that prepares individuals to apply artistic principles and techniques to the professional design of commercial fashions, apparel, and accessories, and the management of fashion development projects. Includes instruction in apparel design; accessory design; the design of men's', women's', and children's' wear; flat pattern design; computer-assisted design and manufacturing; concept planning; designing in specific materials; labor and cost analysis; history of fashion; fabric art and printing; and the principles of management and operations in the fashion industry.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1121
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary
$102,240
$133,540
+$31,300 (+30.6%)
27-1022
Fashion Designers
$122,430
$131,820
+$9,390 (+7.7%)
50.0408
Interior Design.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y)
A program in the applied visual arts that prepares individuals to apply artistic principles and techniques to the professional planning, designing, equipping, and furnishing of residential and commercial interior spaces. Includes instruction in computer applications, drafting, and graphic techniques; principles of interior lighting, acoustics, systems integration, and color coordination; furniture and furnishings; textiles and their finishing; the history of interior design and period styles; basic structural design; building codes and inspection regulations; and applications to office, hotel, factory, restaurant and housing design.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1031
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary
$110,360
$135,800
+$25,440 (+23.1%)
27-1025
Interior Designers
$71,430
$76,460
+$5,030 (+7%)
50.0411
Game and Interactive Media Design.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the design, development, and programming of interactive media entertainment, including computer and video games, virtual environments, Internet applications, and other interactive media. Includes instruction in theory of games, turn-based games, real-time games, visual and interactive design, story development, animation, simulation, and programming.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1199
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other
$94,470
$143,290
+$48,820 (+51.7%)
27-1014
Special Effects Artists and Animators
$110,110
$167,850
+$57,740 (+52.4%)
50.0501
Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, General.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that focuses on the general study of dramatic works and their performance. Includes instruction in major works of dramatic literature, dramatic styles and types, and the principles of organizing and producing full live or filmed productions.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1121
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary
$102,240
$133,540
+$31,300 (+30.6%)
27-2011
Actors
N/A
N/A
N/A
27-2012
Producers and Directors
$114,280
$71,180
-$43,100 (-37.7%)
27-2099
Entertainers and Performers, Sports and Related Workers, All Other
N/A
N/A
N/A
50.0701
Art/Art Studies, General.
(Cert<2y)
A general program that focuses on the introductory study and appreciation of the visual arts. Includes instruction in art, photography, and other visual communications media.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1121
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary
$102,240
$133,540
+$31,300 (+30.6%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
27-1012
Craft Artists
$45,340
$91,590
+$46,250 (+102%)
27-1013
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators
$76,450
$115,750
+$39,300 (+51.4%)
27-4021
Photographers
$55,650
$60,330
+$4,680 (+8.4%)
50.0705
Drawing.
(Cert<2y)
A program that prepares individuals creatively and technically to express emotions, ideas, or inner visions through representation by lines made on a surface. Includes instruction in eye-hand coordination; line, value, shape, and perspective; figure and still life drawing; the use of media such as pen and ink, pencil, charcoal, pastel, and brush; and personal style development.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1121
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary
$102,240
$133,540
+$31,300 (+30.6%)
27-1012
Craft Artists
$45,340
$91,590
+$46,250 (+102%)
27-1013
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators
$76,450
$115,750
+$39,300 (+51.4%)
27-1014
Special Effects Artists and Animators
$110,110
$167,850
+$57,740 (+52.4%)
50.0709
Sculpture.
(Cert<2y)
A program that prepares individuals creatively and technically to express emotions, ideas, or inner visions by creating three-dimensional art works. Includes instruction in the analysis of form in space; round and relief concepts; sculptural composition; modern and experimental methods; different media such as clay, plaster, wood, stone, and metal; techniques such as carving, molding, welding, casting, and modeling; and personal style development.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1121
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary
$102,240
$133,540
+$31,300 (+30.6%)
27-1012
Craft Artists
$45,340
$91,590
+$46,250 (+102%)
27-1013
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators
$76,450
$115,750
+$39,300 (+51.4%)
50.0711
Ceramic Arts and Ceramics.
(Cert<2y)
A program that prepares individuals creatively and technically to express emotions, ideas, or inner visions by producing art works out of clay and similar materials. Includes instruction in handbuilt and wheelthrown techniques; molding; slips and glazes; trimming and decorating; firing and kiln operation; oxidation; mixed media; ceramic murals; and personal style development.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1121
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary
$102,240
$133,540
+$31,300 (+30.6%)
27-1012
Craft Artists
$45,340
$91,590
+$46,250 (+102%)
27-1013
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators
$76,450
$115,750
+$39,300 (+51.4%)
50.0901
Music, General.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A general program that focuses on the introductory study and appreciation of music and the performing arts. Includes instruction in music, dance, and other performing arts media.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
27-2042
Musicians and Singers
N/A
N/A
N/A
Computer & IT (6)
Computer Science, Information Technology and Cybersecurity
11.0103
Information Technology.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the design of technological information systems, including computing systems, as solutions to business and research data and communications support needs. Includes instruction in the principles of computer hardware and software components, algorithms, databases, telecommunications, user tactics, application testing, and human interface design.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-3021
Computer and Information Systems Managers
$187,990
$156,900
-$31,090 (-16.5%)
15-1211
Computer Systems Analysts
$111,960
$103,520
-$8,440 (-7.5%)
15-1212
Information Security Analysts
$127,730
$110,500
-$17,230 (-13.5%)
15-1221
Computer and Information Research Scientists
$152,310
N/A
N/A
15-1241
Computer Network Architects
$135,890
$104,190
-$31,700 (-23.3%)
15-1243
Database Architects
$142,620
$167,530
+$24,910 (+17.5%)
15-1252
Software Developers
$144,570
$132,770
-$11,800 (-8.2%)
15-1253
Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers
$110,260
$123,010
+$12,750 (+11.6%)
15-2051
Data Scientists
$124,590
$108,000
-$16,590 (-13.3%)
11.0701
Computer Science.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on computer theory, computing problems and solutions, and the design of computer systems and user interfaces from a scientific perspective. Includes instruction in the principles of computational science, computer development and programming, and applications to a variety of end-use situations.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-3021
Computer and Information Systems Managers
$187,990
$156,900
-$31,090 (-16.5%)
15-1212
Information Security Analysts
$127,730
$110,500
-$17,230 (-13.5%)
15-1221
Computer and Information Research Scientists
$152,310
N/A
N/A
15-1231
Computer Network Support Specialists
$79,610
$72,290
-$7,320 (-9.2%)
15-1243
Database Architects
$142,620
$167,530
+$24,910 (+17.5%)
15-1251
Computer Programmers
$103,640
$99,130
-$4,510 (-4.4%)
15-1252
Software Developers
$144,570
$132,770
-$11,800 (-8.2%)
15-1253
Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers
$110,260
$123,010
+$12,750 (+11.6%)
15-1254
Web Developers
$98,790
$108,450
+$9,660 (+9.8%)
15-1255
Web and Digital Interface Designers
$111,450
$91,000
-$20,450 (-18.3%)
15-1299
Computer Occupations, All Other
$116,700
$86,380
-$30,320 (-26%)
15-2051
Data Scientists
$124,590
$108,000
-$16,590 (-13.3%)
25-1021
Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary
$105,830
$182,140
+$76,310 (+72.1%)
11.0801
Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that prepares individuals to apply HTML, CSS, XML, JavaScript, graphics applications, and other authoring tools to the design, editing, and publishing (launching) of documents, images, graphics, sound, and multimedia products on the World Wide Web. Includes instruction in Internet theory, web page standards and policies, elements of web page design, user interfaces, vector tools, special effects, interactive and multimedia components, search engines, navigation, morphing, e-commerce tools, and emerging web technologies.
Media Communications, Journalism and Public Relations
09.0101
Speech Communication and Rhetoric.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the scientific, humanistic, and critical study of human communication in a variety of formats, media, and contexts. Includes instruction in the theory and practice of interpersonal, group, organizational, professional, and intercultural communication; speaking and listening; verbal and nonverbal interaction; rhetorical theory and criticism; performance studies; argumentation and persuasion; technologically mediated communication; popular culture; and various contextual applications.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-2032
Public Relations Managers
$163,520
$151,470
-$12,050 (-7.4%)
25-1122
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary
$90,340
$140,310
+$49,970 (+55.3%)
27-3011
Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys
$80,110
$144,360
+$64,250 (+80.2%)
27-3031
Public Relations Specialists
$80,310
$72,880
-$7,430 (-9.3%)
27-3043
Writers and Authors
$85,780
$102,850
+$17,070 (+19.9%)
27-3099
Media and Communication Workers, All Other
$84,870
$71,690
-$13,180 (-15.5%)
09.0401
Journalism.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that focuses on the theory and practice of gathering, processing, and delivering news and that prepares individuals to be professional print journalists, news editors, and news managers. Includes instruction in news writing and editing; reporting; photojournalism; layout and graphic design; journalism law and policy; professional standards and ethics; research methods; and journalism history and criticism.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1122
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary
$90,340
$140,310
+$49,970 (+55.3%)
27-3023
News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists
$106,030
$63,280
-$42,750 (-40.3%)
27-3041
Editors
$85,700
$65,280
-$20,420 (-23.8%)
27-3043
Writers and Authors
$85,780
$102,850
+$17,070 (+19.9%)
43-9081
Proofreaders and Copy Markers
$52,730
$66,770
+$14,040 (+26.6%)
Languages (11)
Foreign Languages, Literature and Linguistic Studies
16.0301
Chinese Language and Literature.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the languages of China and associated dialects and literature. Includes instruction in philology; linguistics; dialects and pidgins; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1124
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
$87,670
$164,070
+$76,400 (+87.1%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
27-3091
Interpreters and Translators
$64,950
$66,800
+$1,850 (+2.8%)
16.0302
Japanese Language and Literature.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the Japanese language. Includes instruction in philology; Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Japanese; dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1124
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
$87,670
$164,070
+$76,400 (+87.1%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
27-3091
Interpreters and Translators
$64,950
$66,800
+$1,850 (+2.8%)
16.0402
Russian Language and Literature.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the Russian language. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1124
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
$87,670
$164,070
+$76,400 (+87.1%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
27-3091
Interpreters and Translators
$64,950
$66,800
+$1,850 (+2.8%)
16.0501
German Language and Literature.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the German language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1124
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
$87,670
$164,070
+$76,400 (+87.1%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
27-3091
Interpreters and Translators
$64,950
$66,800
+$1,850 (+2.8%)
16.0901
French Language and Literature.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the French language and related dialects and creoles. Includes instruction in philology; Metropolitan French; Canadian French; African and Caribbean Creoles; dialects; and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1124
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
$87,670
$164,070
+$76,400 (+87.1%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
27-3091
Interpreters and Translators
$64,950
$66,800
+$1,850 (+2.8%)
16.0902
Italian Language and Literature.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the Italian language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1124
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
$87,670
$164,070
+$76,400 (+87.1%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
27-3091
Interpreters and Translators
$64,950
$66,800
+$1,850 (+2.8%)
16.0905
Spanish Language and Literature.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the Spanish language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; Modern Castillan; Latin American and regional Spanish dialects; and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1124
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
$87,670
$164,070
+$76,400 (+87.1%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
27-3091
Interpreters and Translators
$64,950
$66,800
+$1,850 (+2.8%)
16.1601
American Sign Language (ASL).
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on American Sign Language as a visual and motor medium of communication and discourse for deaf individuals and deaf culture. Includes instruction in the development of ASL, ASL morphology and syntax, signing technique, English translation of ASL, formal and colloquial ASL, and ASL transcription.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1124
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
$87,670
$164,070
+$76,400 (+87.1%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
27-3091
Interpreters and Translators
$64,950
$66,800
+$1,850 (+2.8%)
16.1603
Sign Language Interpretation and Translation.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y)
A program that prepares individuals to function as simultaneous interpreters of American Sign Language
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
27-3091
Interpreters and Translators
$64,950
$66,800
+$1,850 (+2.8%)
Mathematics (1)
Mathematical Sciences, Statistics and Computational Analysis
27.0101
Mathematics, General.
(Cert<2y)
A general program that focuses on the analysis of quantities, magnitudes, forms, and their relationships, using symbolic logic and language. Includes instruction in algebra, calculus, functional analysis, geometry, number theory, logic, topology and other mathematical specializations.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9121
Natural Sciences Managers
$173,500
$115,520
-$57,980 (-33.4%)
15-2021
Mathematicians
$122,520
$155,780
+$33,260 (+27.1%)
15-2041
Statisticians
$112,330
$174,200
+$61,870 (+55.1%)
15-2051
Data Scientists
$124,590
$108,000
-$16,590 (-13.3%)
15-2099
Mathematical Science Occupations, All Other
$84,700
$194,850
+$110,150 (+130%)
25-1022
Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary
$92,880
$141,680
+$48,800 (+52.5%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
Human Sciences (7)
Family Studies, Consumer Sciences and Human Development
19.0501
Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, General.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A general program that focuses on the role of foods and nutrition in human health and wellness. Includes instruction in nutritional care and education, the planning and provision of food services, the development of consumable food products, life-span nutrition and wellness, the principles of nutritional assessment, and food safety and food composition.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1192
Family and Consumer Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
$84,450
$161,740
+$77,290 (+91.5%)
29-1031
Dietitians and Nutritionists
$74,770
$78,900
+$4,130 (+5.5%)
29-2051
Dietetic Technicians
$39,560
$48,480
+$8,920 (+22.5%)
19.0709
Child Care Provider/Assistant.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that prepares individuals to be primary providers of home, family, residential, or institutional-based child care services. Includes instruction in child growth and development, nutrition, recreation, planning and supervision of play and learning activities, child abuse and neglect prevention, parent-child relationships, and applicable legal and administrative requirements.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
39-9011
Childcare Workers
$33,140
$40,840
+$7,700 (+23.2%)
19.0905
Apparel and Textile Marketing Management.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on marketing research and management as applied to the products and services of the apparel and textile industries. Includes instruction in applicable principles of textile and apparel design and manufacturing, sales and distribution systems, domestic and international market research, profitability, consumer research, and the design and implementation of marketing campaigns.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-2021
Marketing Managers
$171,520
$170,670
-$850 (-0.5%)
13-1022
Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products
N/A
N/A
N/A
13-1161
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists
$86,480
$74,030
-$12,450 (-14.4%)
English (2)
English Literature, Creative Writing and Literary Analysis
23.0101
English Language and Literature, General.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A general program that focuses on the English language, including its history, structure and related communications skills; and the literature and culture of English-speaking peoples.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1123
English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
$90,400
$119,170
+$28,770 (+31.8%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
43-9081
Proofreaders and Copy Markers
$52,730
$66,770
+$14,040 (+26.6%)
Kinesiology (3)
Exercise Science, Sports Medicine and Physical Recreation
31.0501
Sports, Kinesiology, and Physical Education/Fitness, General.
(Cert<2y)
A general program that focuses on activities and principles that promote physical fitness, achieve and maintain athletic prowess, and accomplish related research and service goals. Includes instruction in human movement studies, motivation studies, rules and practice of specific sports, exercise and fitness principles and techniques, basic athletic injury prevention and treatment, and organizing and leading fitness and sports programs.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1193
Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers, Postsecondary
$87,980
$94,550
+$6,570 (+7.5%)
27-2021
Athletes and Sports Competitors
$259,750
N/A
N/A
27-2022
Coaches and Scouts
$58,910
$54,160
-$4,750 (-8.1%)
39-9031
Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors
$51,360
$54,680
+$3,320 (+6.5%)
31.0505
Exercise Science and Kinesiology.
(Cert<2y)
A scientific program that focuses on the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and biophysics of human movement, and applications to exercise and therapeutic rehabilitation. Includes instruction in biomechanics, motor behavior, motor development and coordination, motor neurophysiology, performance research, rehabilitative therapies, the development of diagnostic and rehabilitative methods and equipment, and related analytical methods and procedures in applied exercise and therapeutic rehabilitation.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
29-1128
Exercise Physiologists
$59,620
$84,940
+$25,320 (+42.5%)
31.0507
Physical Fitness Technician.
(AltPostMSc)
A program that prepares individuals for employment in health and fitness clubs, wellness centers, public and private recreation facilities, hospitals and corporate fitness programs where they will perform a variety of instructional and administrative duties. Includes instruction in human anatomy and physiology, fitness techniques, exercise science, personal training, nutrition, and customer service.
A program that focuses on the major topics, concepts, processes, and interrelationships of physical phenomena as studied in any combination of physical science disciplines.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9121
Natural Sciences Managers
$173,500
$115,520
-$57,980 (-33.4%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
40.0501
Chemistry, General.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y)
A general program that focuses on the scientific study of the composition and behavior of matter, including its micro- and macro-structure, the processes of chemical change, and the theoretical description and laboratory simulation of these phenomena.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9121
Natural Sciences Managers
$173,500
$115,520
-$57,980 (-33.4%)
19-2031
Chemists
$95,940
$105,520
+$9,580 (+10%)
19-4013
Food Science Technicians
$54,400
$52,880
-$1,520 (-2.8%)
19-4031
Chemical Technicians
$61,300
$53,720
-$7,580 (-12.4%)
19-4092
Forensic Science Technicians
$75,260
$75,750
+$490 (+0.7%)
25-1052
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary
$103,030
$112,470
+$9,440 (+9.2%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
40.0601
Geology/Earth Science, General.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the scientific study of the earth; the forces acting upon it; and the behavior of the solids, liquids and gases comprising it. Includes instruction in historical geology, geomorphology, and sedimentology, the chemistry of rocks and soils, stratigraphy, mineralogy, petrology, geostatistics, volcanology, glaciology, geophysical principles, and applications to research and industrial problems.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9121
Natural Sciences Managers
$173,500
$115,520
-$57,980 (-33.4%)
19-2042
Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
$112,950
$102,020
-$10,930 (-9.7%)
40.0801
Physics, General.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y)
A general program that focuses on the scientific study of matter and energy, and the formulation and testing of the laws governing the behavior of the matter-energy continuum. Includes instruction in classical and modern physics, electricity and magnetism, thermodynamics, mechanics, wave properties, nuclear processes, relativity and quantum theory, quantitative methods, and laboratory methods.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9121
Natural Sciences Managers
$173,500
$115,520
-$57,980 (-33.4%)
19-2012
Physicists
$166,000
$202,760
+$36,760 (+22.1%)
25-1054
Physics Teachers, Postsecondary
$105,460
$111,030
+$5,570 (+5.3%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
Agriculture (3)
Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine
01.1002
Food Technology and Processing.
(Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that focuses on the application of chemical, physical, and engineering principles to the development and implementation of manufacturing, packaging, storage, and distribution technologies and processes for food products. Includes instruction in food engineering, food preservation and handling, food preparation, food packaging and display, food storage and shipment, and related equipment and facilities design, operation, and maintenance.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
19-1012
Food Scientists and Technologists
$92,190
$84,660
-$7,530 (-8.2%)
19-4013
Food Science Technicians
$54,400
$52,880
-$1,520 (-2.8%)
01.8301
Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant.
(Cert<2y)
A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of veterinarians, laboratory animal specialists, and zoological professionals, to provide patient management, care, and clinical procedures assistance as well as owner communication. Includes instruction in animal nursing care, animal health and nutrition, animal handling, clinical pathology, radiology, anesthesiology, dental prophylaxis, surgical assisting, clinical laboratory procedures, office administration skills, patient and owner management, and applicable standards and regulations.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1071
Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary
$137,900
$153,860
+$15,960 (+11.6%)
29-2056
Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
$46,280
$50,700
+$4,420 (+9.6%)
31-9096
Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers
$38,990
$43,670
+$4,680 (+12%)
History (1)
Historical Studies, Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Research
54.0101
History, General.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on the general study and interpretation of the past, including the gathering, recording, synthesizing and criticizing of evidence and theories about past events. Includes instruction in historiography; historical research methods; studies of specific periods, issues and cultures; and applications to areas such as historic preservation, public policy, and records administration.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-9199
Managers, All Other
$149,890
$120,240
-$29,650 (-19.8%)
19-3093
Historians
$78,470
$92,760
+$14,290 (+18.2%)
25-1125
History Teachers, Postsecondary
$93,710
$130,450
+$36,740 (+39.2%)
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
$73,700
$84,540
+$10,840 (+14.7%)
39-7011
Tour Guides and Escorts
N/A
N/A
N/A
Personal Services (3)
Hospitality Management, Culinary Arts and Personal Care
12.0500
Culinary Arts and Related Services.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 12.0500 - 12.0599.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
35-1011
Chefs and Head Cooks
$64,720
$67,560
+$2,840 (+4.4%)
35-1012
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers
$44,900
$50,350
+$5,450 (+12.1%)
35-2012
Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria
$37,310
$45,450
+$8,140 (+21.8%)
35-2014
Cooks, Restaurant
$37,730
$42,740
+$5,010 (+13.3%)
35-2019
Cooks, All Other
$38,000
$38,370
+$370 (+1%)
Engineering (2)
Engineering Sciences and Applied Technology Solutions
14.0102
Pre-Engineering.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y)
A program that prepares individuals for admission or transfer to a baccalaureate-level program in any of the fields of engineering.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
99-9999
NO MATCH
N/A
N/A
N/A
Media Tech (3)
Digital Media Technologies and Broadcasting Systems
10.0304
Animation, Interactive Technology, Video Graphics, and Special Effects.
(Cert<1y, Cert<2y, AltPostMSc)
A program that prepares individuals to use computer applications and related visual and sound imaging techniques to manipulate images and information originating as film, video, still photographs, digital copy, soundtracks, and physical objects in order to communicate messages simulating real-world content. Includes instruction in specialized camerawork and equipment operation and maintenance, image capture, computer programming, dubbing, CAD applications, and applications to specific commercial, industrial, and entertainment needs.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
27-1014
Special Effects Artists and Animators
$110,110
$167,850
+$57,740 (+52.4%)
Construction (3)
Building Trades, Construction Management and Skilled Crafts
A program that prepares individuals to apply industrial, labor, and governmental standards and laws to the oversight of construction projects and the maintenance of completed buildings and other structures. Includes instruction in construction processes and techniques, materials analysis, occupational safety and health, industry standards, building codes and specifications, blueprint interpretation, testing equipment and procedures, communication skills, accident investigation, and documentation.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
47-1011
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers
$84,500
$94,990
+$10,490 (+12.4%)
47-4011
Construction and Building Inspectors
$76,430
$84,900
+$8,470 (+11.1%)
46.0412
Building/Construction Site Management/Manager.
(Cert<2y)
A program that prepares individuals to supervise, manage, and inspect construction sites, buildings, and associated facilities. Includes instruction in site safety, personnel supervision, labor relations, diversity training, construction documentation, scheduling, resource and cost control, bid strategies, rework prevention, construction insurance and bonding, accident management and investigation, applicable law and regulations, and communication skills.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
11-3013
Facilities Managers
$114,520
$99,000
-$15,520 (-13.6%)
47-1011
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers
$84,500
$94,990
+$10,490 (+12.4%)
49-9095
Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers
$42,620
$52,960
+$10,340 (+24.3%)
Cultural Studies (1)
Cultural Anthropology, Ethnic Studies and Social Group Research
05.0200
Ethnic, Cultural Minority, Gender, and Group Studies.
(Cert<2y)
Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 05.0200 - 05.0299.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1062
Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary
$97,350
$167,250
+$69,900 (+71.8%)
Architecture (2)
Architectural Design and Construction Planning Services
A program that prepares individuals to assist architects in developing plans and related documentation and in performing architectural office services. Includes instruction in architectural drafting, computer-assisted drafting and design, construction methods and materials, environmental systems, building codes and standards, structural principles, cost estimation, planning documentation, visual communication skills, display production, and architectural office management.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
17-3011
Architectural and Civil Drafters
$68,860
$65,910
-$2,950 (-4.3%)
Natural Resources (2)
Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management
A program that focuses on environment-related issues using scientific, social scientific, or humanistic approaches or a combination. Includes instruction in the basic principles of ecology and environmental science and related subjects such as policy, politics, law, economics, social aspects, planning, pollution control, natural resources, and the interactions of human beings and nature.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
13-1041
Compliance Officers
$84,980
$80,350
-$4,630 (-5.4%)
19-2041
Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health
$88,640
$92,320
+$3,680 (+4.2%)
25-1053
Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary
$100,360
$136,620
+$36,260 (+36.1%)
Philosophy (1)
Philosophical Studies, Ethics and Religious Thought
38.0101
Philosophy.
(Cert<2y)
A program that focuses on ideas and their logical structure, including arguments and investigations about abstract and real phenomena. Includes instruction in logic, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, metaphysics, symbolism, and history of philosophy, and applications to the theoretical foundations and methods of other disciplines.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
25-1126
Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary
$88,210
$113,290
+$25,080 (+28.4%)
Eng. Technologies (1)
Applied Engineering Technologies and Technical Support
A program that prepares individuals to apply basic engineering principles and technical skills in support of engineers engaged in developing biological or medical systems and products. Includes instruction in instrument calibration, design and installation testing, system safety and maintenance procedures, procurement and installation procedures, and report preparation.
Graduate Career Earnings in California
Average graduate salary for this degree:
SOC Code
Occupation
US National
California Avg
CA vs US
17-3028
Calibration Technologists and Technicians
$71,080
$82,700
+$11,620 (+16.3%)
17-3029
Engineering Technologists and Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other
$79,740
$91,750
+$12,010 (+15.1%)
49-9062
Medical Equipment Repairers
$66,810
$65,970
-$840 (-1.3%)
Tuition, Fees & Estimated Costs
Overview of tuition rates, housing, and other annual education expenses for undergraduate
and graduate students
Estimated Total Cost
(In-state)
$2,088
Estimated Total Cost
(Out-state)
$10,032
In-state Tuition
(incl. fees)
$1,150
Tuition and fees for students residing in-state
Out-of-state Tuition
(incl. fees)
$9,094
Tuition and fees for non-resident students
Room & Board
$30,736 (off-campus)
Housing and meal plan expenses
Books & Supplies
$938
Average yearly cost of books and study materials
Other Expenses
$4,428 (off-campus)
Miscellaneous personal and institutional expenses
Other Expenses (with family)
$3,610
Estimated cost for students living with family
Graduate In-state Tuition
(incl. fees)
N/A
Graduate tuition rates for in-state students
Graduate Out-of-state Tuition
(incl. fees)
N/A
Graduate tuition rates for non-resident students
Financial Aid & Student Support
Summary of scholarships, grants, student loans, and financial aid statistics for
undergraduate students
6%
FTFT Aid Recipients
Avg. Grant
$8,983
Avg. Loan
$4,169
Avg. Federal Loan
$3,022
Additional
Students with Any Grant
810
Students who received any type of grant aid
Students with Any Loan
37
Students who received any type of loan-based aid
Students with Federal Grant
533
Students who received a federal grant
Avg. Institutional Grant
$2,759
Average amount of institutional grant awarded
Avg. Pell Grant
$5,478
Average amount of Pell Grant awarded to recipients
Avg. State/Local Grant
$5,124
Average amount of state or local grant awarded to recipients
Pell Grant Recipients
43%
Percentage of students who received Pell Grant
State/Local Grant Recipients
74%
Percentage of students who received state or local grant
Institutional Grant Recipients
1%
Percentage of students awarded institutional grants
Federal Grant Recipients
52%
Percentage of students who received federal grant
Any Grant Recipients
79%
Percentage of students who received any type of grant
Any Loan Recipients
4%
Percentage of students who received any kind of student loan
Federal Loan Recipients
3%
Percentage of students who received a federal loan
Graduation rates and post-graduation earnings to help assess student outcomes and
long-term value of education.
34%
Graduation Rate
Percentage of students who successfully graduate from the institution
N/A
First-Year Retention Rate
Percentage of first-year students who continue for a second year
Median Earnings Over Time
$20,924 – $71,725
Salary Range (25th–75th Percentile, 10 Years)
$20,924 (25th %)$71,725 (75th %)
*Median Salary After 10 Years:
$45,120
Median Salary After 6 Years
$35,773
Average annual earnings of former students six years after starting college.
Median Salary After 10 Years
$45,120
Average annual earnings of former students ten years after starting college.
Loan Burden & Repayment Outcomes
Breakdown of loan repayment rates and student debt levels by income and dependency
status.
3-Year Loan Repayment Rate
44.2%
Share of borrowers who repaid loans within 3 years
Repayment Rate (Graduates Only)
61.0%
Repayment rate among students who completed their program
Median Student Loan Debt
$4,725
Median federal loan debt of undergraduate completers at time of graduation.
Repayment by Income
Low40.2%
Middle54.6%
High52.0%
Repayment by Dependency
Dependent45.2%
Independent43.6%
Frequently Asked Questions
Find answers to the most common questions about San Diego Mesa College
How much does it cost to attend San Diego Mesa College?
The annual tuition at San Diego Mesa College is $1,150 for in-state students and $9,094 for out-of-state students. When including room and board, books, and other expenses, the total estimated cost is approximately $2,088 for in-state students and $10,032 for out-of-state students.
Additional costs include
room and board $30,736 (off-campus) and books and supplies $938.
Data based on IPEDS program completions for 2022-2023 academic year. Tuition and cost estimates are approximate and may not include all fees, personal expenses, or transportation costs.
What academic programs and degree levels does San Diego Mesa College offer?
San Diego Mesa College offers 136 academic programs across 27 major fields of study, with available degree levels: Certificate (1-2 yrs), Certificate (≥2 yrs), Associate's, Bachelor's, Other Award.
Most popular program areas include:
Business Administration, Marketing and Entrepreneurship (20 programs)
Fine Arts, Design Studies and Creative Performance (17 programs)
Healthcare Professions, Medical Sciences and Clinical Practice (17 programs)
Foreign Languages, Literature and Linguistic Studies (11 programs)
Sociology, Anthropology and Political Science Studies (8 programs)
Data based on IPEDS program completions for 2022-2023 academic year. Numbers reflect programs where students graduated, not all offered programs.
What financial aid and scholarships are available at San Diego Mesa College?
San Diego Mesa College provides financial aid to 6% of first-time, full-time students, with average grants of $8,983 and average loans of $4,169.
Average financial aid amounts by type:
Pell grants: $5,478
State/Local grants: $5,124
Institutional grants: $2,759
Federal loans: $3,022
The university supports 810 students with grants and 37 students with loans annually.
Data based on IPEDS for 2022-2023 academic year. Financial aid amounts and percentages may vary by program, enrollment status, and individual circumstances.
What is the average salary for San Diego Mesa College graduates?
San Diego Mesa College graduates earn a median salary of $35,773 after 6 years and $45,120 after 10 years.
The salary range 10 years after graduation spans from $20,924 (25th percentile) to $71,725 (75th percentile), with top earners reaching $78,100 (90th percentile).
Data based on IPEDS for 2022-2023 academic year. Salary data reflects graduates who received federal financial aid (approximately 60% of all graduates). Actual earnings may vary significantly based on program, location, and individual circumstances.